The
unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America,
When
in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve
the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume, among
the Powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of
Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of
mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the
separation.
We
hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they
are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these
are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness. That, to secure these rights,
Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just Powers from the
consent of the governed. That, whenever any Form of Government becomes
destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish
it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such Principles
and organizing its Powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to
effect their Safety and Happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that
Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient
causes; and, accordingly, all experience hath shown, that mankind are more
disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by
abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But, when a long train of
abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object, evinces a design to
reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to
throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security.
Such has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies; and such is now the
necessity which constrains them to alter their former Systems of Government. The
history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries
and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute
Tyranny over these States. To prove this, let Facts be submitted to a candid
world.
He
has refused his Assent to Laws the most wholesome and necessary for the public
good.
He
has forbidden his Governors to pass Laws of immediate and pressing importance,
unless suspended in their operation till his Assent should be obtained; and when
so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them.
He
has refused to pass other Laws for the accommodation of large districts of
People, unless those People would relinquish the right of Representation in the
legislature; a right inestimable to them and formidable to tyrants only.
He
has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and
distant from the depository of their Public Records, for the sole purpose of
fatiguing them into compliance with his measures.
He
has dissolved Representative Houses repeatedly, for opposing, with manly
firmness, his invasions on the rights of the People.
He
has refused for a long time, after such dissolutions, to cause others to be
elected; whereby the Legislative Powers, incapable of Annihilation, have
returned to the People at large for their exercise; the State remaining in the
mean time exposed to all the dangers of invasion from without, and convulsions
within.
He
has endeavoured to prevent the Population of these States; for that purpose
obstructing the Laws of Naturalization of Foreigners; refusing to pass others to
encourage their migrations hither, and raising the conditions of new
Appropriations of Lands.
He
has obstructed the Administration of Justice, by refusing his Assent to Laws for
establishing Judiciary Powers.
He
has made Judges dependent on his Will alone, for the tenure of their offices,
and the amount and payment of their salaries.
He
has erected a multitude of New Offices, and sent hither swarms of Officers to
harass our People, and eat out their substance.
He
has kept among us, in times of Peace, Standing Armies without the Consent of our
legislatures.
He
has affected to render the Military independent of and superior to the Civil
Power.
He
has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our
constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws; giving his Assent to their Acts of
pretended Legislation:
For
quartering large bodies of armed troops among us:
For
protecting them, by a mock Trial, from Punishment for any Murders which they
should commit on the Inhabitants of these States:
For
cutting off our Trade with all parts of the world:
For
imposing Taxes on us without our Consent:
For
depriving us, in many cases, of the benefits of Trial by Jury:
For
transporting us beyond Seas to be tried for pretended offences:
For
abolishing the free System of English Laws in a neighbouring Province,
establishing therein an Arbitrary government, and enlarging its Boundaries so as
to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same
absolute rule into these Colonies:
For
taking away our Charters, abolishing our most valuable Laws, and altering
fundamentally the Forms of our Governments:
For
suspending our own Legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with Power to
legislate for us in all cases whatsoever.
He
has abdicated Government here, by declaring us out of his protection, and waging
War against us.
He
has plundered our seas, ravaged our Coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the
Lives of our People.
He
is at this time transporting large Armies of foreign Mercenaries to compleat the
works of death, desolation and tyranny, already begun with circumstances of
Cruelty and perfidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally
unworthy the Head of a civilized nation.
He
has constrained our fellow Citizens, taken Captive on the high Seas to bear Arms
against their Country, to become the executioners of their friends and Brethren,
or to fall themselves by their Hands.
He
has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has endeavoured to bring on
the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian Savages, whose known rule
of warfare, is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes and conditions.
In
every stage of these Oppressions, We have Petitioned for Redress in the most
humble terms: Our repeated Petitions have been answered only by repeated injury.
A Prince, whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a Tyrant,
is unfit to be the ruler of a free People.
Nor
have We been wanting in attentions to our British brethren. We have warned them
from time to time of attempts by their legislature to extend an unwarrantable
jurisdiction over us. We have reminded them of the circumstances of our
emigration and settlement here. We have appealed to their native justice and
magnanimity, and we have conjured them by the ties of our common kindred, to
disavow these usurpations, which would inevitably interrupt our connections and
correspondence. They too have been deaf to the voice of justice and of
consanguinity. We must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity, which denounces
our Separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind, Enemies in War,
in Peace Friends.
We,
therefore, the Representatives of the united
States of America, in GENERAL CONGRESS assembled, appealing to the Supreme
Judge of the World for the rectitude of our intentions, DO, in the Name, and by
Authority of the good People of these Colonies, solemnly PUBLISH and DECLARE,
That these United Colonies are, and of Right, ought to be free and
Independent States; that they are Absolved from all Allegiance to the
British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of
Great Bri tain, is and ought to be totally dissolved; and that, as FREE and
INDEPENDENT STATES, they have full Power to levy War, conclude Peace, contract
Alliances, establish Commerce, and to do all other Acts and Things which
INDEPENDENT STATES may of right do. AND for the support of this Declaration,
with a firm reliance on the protection of divine Providence, we mutually pledge
to each other our Lives, our Fortunes and our sacred Honor.
JOHN
HANCOCK, President
Attested,
CHARLES THOMSON, Secretary
New
Hampshire: JOSIAH BARTLETT, WILLIAM WHIPPLE, MATTHEW THORNTON
Massachusetts-Bay:
SAMUEL ADAMS, JOHN ADAMS, ROBERT TREAT PAINE, ELBRIDGE GERRY
Rhode
Island: STEPHEN HOPKINS, WILLIAM ELLERY
Connecticut:
ROGER SHERMAN, SAMUEL HUNTINGTON, WILLIAM WILLIAMS, OLIVER WOLCOTT
Georgia:
BUTTON GWINNETT, LYMAN HALL, GEO. WALTON
Maryland:
SAMUEL CHASE, WILLIAM PACA, THOMAS STONE, CHARLES CARROLL OF CARROLLTON
Virginia:
GEORGE WYTHE, RICHARD HENRY LEE, THOMAS JEFFERSON, BENJAMIN HARRISON, THOMAS
NELSON, JR., FRANCIS LIGHTFOOT LEE, CARTER BRAXTON.
New
York: WILLIAM FLOYD, PHILIP LIVINGSTON, FRANCIS LEWIS, LEWIS MORRIS
Pennsylvania:
ROBERT MORRIS, BENJAMIN RUSH, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, JOHN MORTON, GEORGE CLYMER,
JAMES SMITH, GEORGE TAYLOR, JAMES WILSON, GEORGE ROSS
Delaware:
CAESAR RODNEY, GEORGE READ, THOMAS M'KEAN
North
Carolina: WILLIAM HOOPER, JOSEPH HEWES, JOHN PENN
South
Carolina: EDWARD RUTLEDGE, THOMAS HEYWARD, JR., THOMAS LYNCH, JR., ARTHUR
MIDDLETON
New
Jersey: RICHARD STOCKTON, JOHN WITHERSPOON, FRANCIS HOPKINS, JOHN HART,
ABRAHAM CLARK
~~~~~

The Declaration of Independence is a powerful document, a
s you just read.
These
men put it ALL on the line... and most of them gave their fortunes, and some
their lives for independence.
It's
our duty to use it well and protect it.
This
link takes you to a large
image of the Declaration of Independence
document. The file exceeds the limits of this server... so I placed the image on
my wife's azgem.com server.
I'm told that the Heritage
Foundation will give you a pocket-sized copy of these documents absolutely
FREE! Now that's a great deal.
A quick Google search using the keyword phrase declaration of independence poster
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